Assessment Questions

6.1 The Workplace Environment and Working Conditions

A company and its managers need to provide a workplace at which employees want to work, free of safety hazards and all types of harassment. Perks and benefits also make the company an attractive place to work. Yet another factor is managers who make employees feel valued and respected. A company can use all these tools to attract and retain top talent, helping to reach the goals of having a well-run company with a satisfied workforce. Philosophers Aristotle and Immanuel Kant said taking ethical action is the right thing to do. The decision to create an environment in which employees want to come to work each day is, in large part, an ethical choice, because it creates a healthy environment for all to encounter. However, the bonus comes when a satisfied workforce fosters increased quality and productivity, which leads to appreciative customers or clients and increased profitability. There is a financial payoff in that a well-treated workforce is also a productive one.

6.2 What Constitutes a Fair Wage?

The concept of paying people fairly can become complicated. It includes trying to allocate and compensate workers in the most effective manner for the company, but it takes judgement, wisdom, and a moral imperative to do it fairly. Managers must balance issues of compensation equity, employee morale, motivation, and profits—all of which may have legal, ethical, and business elements. The issue of a fair wage is particularly salient for those earning the minimum wage, which, in real terms, has declined by 23 percent since 1960, and for women, who continue to experience a significant pay gap as compared with their male counterparts.

6.3 An Organized Workforce

Employees seek fair treatment in the workplace and sometimes gain a negotiating advantage with management by choosing to be represented by a labor union. Union membership in the United States has fallen in recent years as federal and state law have expanded to include worker protections unions fought for, and as the nation has shifted from a manufacturing to a service economy. Public-sector employee groups such as teachers, professors, first responders, and nurses are unionized in some cities and states. U.S. workers have contributed to a long rise in productivity over the last forty years but have not generally shared in wage gains.

6.4 Privacy in the Workplace

Monitoring of employees, whether electronically or through drug testing, is a complex area of workforce management. Numerous state and federal legal restrictions apply, and employers must decide not only what they are legally allowed to do but also what they should do ethically, keeping in mind the individual privacy concerns of their employees.

1 . How often should managers in a workplace anticipate an inspection from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration? a. every day b. once a month c. upon request or complaint d. never 2 . Sexual harassment is unethical but not illegal. a. True b. False 3 . What are examples of benefits or perks that women usually value more than men? 4 . What can a company do to try to reduce sexual harassment? 5 . According to data presented in the chapter, about how much do women earn in comparison with men doing the same job? a. a lot less (about 40%-50%) b. somewhat less (about 70%-80%) c. almost the same (95%) d. about the same (100%) 6 . Minimum wages are established by federal law only. a. True b. False 7 . Minimum wages have at least kept pace with the cost of living, because of the automatic cost-of-living adjustment clause in the law. a. True b. False 8 . Why have some states raised minimum wages above the federal minimum? 9 . What are some of the reasons that have contributed to women making less than men in similar jobs? 10 . In the United States, CEO pay is on average ________ times as high as the pay of the average worker in the same company. a. 30 b. 50 c. 100 d. 300 11 . U.S. union membership today is at the lowest level since the 1950s. a. True b. False 12 . The right to work without joining a union is controlled by federal law. a. True b. False 13 . Why is union membership at an all-time low? 14 . How does executive pay in the United States compare to that in other countries? 15 . Advance permission from employees is required before they can be electronically monitored under federal law. a. True b. False 16 . Workplace drug testing is completely prohibited in some states. a. True b. False 17 . Why would a company want to monitor Internet use at work? 18 . What are the two major exceptions to the Electronic Communications Privacy Act that weaken its protections of employee privacy rights? 19 . Should drug testing of employees be allowed?